Eastern CKDu-Belt Safe Water Programme

Water, Sanitation & CKDu Mitigation · Tier 1 — Flagship · USD 1,200k–1,800k · 36 months

40 community RO plants + household RWH across Padiyatalawa, Dehiattakandiya, Mahaoya.

Executive Summary

The interior belt running from Padiyatalawa through Dehiattakandiya to Mahaoya has Sri Lanka's highest rural CKDu mortality. The cause is contested in detail but the response is not: communities need safe drinking water now, even while the agricultural inputs questions are being settled. Forty community reverse-osmosis plants and household rainwater harvesting across 60,000 people.

Context & Problem

CKDu (Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown aetiology) kills hundreds of working-age men in the dry zone every year. Whatever the precise cause, the existing groundwater is the immediate carrier. Roof rainwater is reliably safe; treated surface water and properly-supplied RO water is safe; existing well-water in the affected divisions is not.

Approach

40 community RO plants distributed across Padiyatalawa, Dehiattakandiya, Mahaoya and the southern edge of Polonnaruwa. Plant model: 1,000 L/hr capacity, community-managed under Ministry of Health supervision, modest user-pays fee to fund operations and membrane replacement. Plus household rainwater harvesting (5,000 m³ tank capacity per household) across 12,000 households via partnership with existing NGO providers.

Market Analysis

This is a public-good project, not a commercial one. The market signal is the unmet demand: every CKDu-affected village asked has demand for safe water exceeding any practical RO supply.

Beneficiaries

60,000 people directly across the CKDu belt. Schoolchildren and pregnant women receive prioritised access through health-system distribution. Roughly half Sinhala, half Tamil, with small Muslim communities in the southern belt.

Financial Model

Capital is grant-funded. Operations move to user-pays (LKR 2-3 per litre) by Y2, sufficient to cover power and membrane replacement. Community RO co-ops own and operate plants.

Scalability

Model replicates to other CKDu-belt districts (Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Vavuniya). The technical package is well-understood; the institutional model (community co-op + MoH supervision) is the part to get right.

Innovation & Tech

Combination of centralised RO + decentralised household RWH is the integration novelty. Mobile water-quality lab (see cluster pitch) audits both delivery streams.

PPP

Ministry of Health (primary), National Water Supply Board, Provincial Council Eastern, existing NGOs in the CKDu space (a number of Sri Lanka-based and international NGOs have been working here for years — partner, don't duplicate).

MEL

Litres delivered per day per village; user-fee collection rate; membrane replacement compliance; longitudinal kidney-function monitoring through MoH partnership (the impact KPI nobody is tracking properly).

ESG Safeguards

Environmental: RO brine disposal designed to avoid surface-water contamination. RWH systems reduce groundwater pumping pressure.
Social: equity in access — schoolchildren and pregnant women prioritised. Independent monitoring of community-board governance.

Donor Alignment

Health equity, rural infrastructure, vulnerable-population priority. Strong fit with rural-health donor windows.

20-Lens Impact Matrix

LensScoreJustification
Rural Development3/340 RO plants + 12,000 HH rainwater systems serving 60,000 people in CKDu-affected interior.
Women Empowerment0/3
Poverty Reduction2/3Health-cost burden reduction is a stealth poverty effect — kidney disease bankrupts rural households.
Employment Generation0/3
Environmental Sustainability (ESG)2/3RWH reduces groundwater stress; RO brine disposal engineered.
Climate Change Adaptation0/3
Economic Development & SME Growth0/3
Export Development & Trade0/3
Technology & Innovation Integration1/3RO + RWH combination is appropriate tech, not novel.
Capacity Building & Skills Development0/3
Public–Private Partnerships (PPP)2/3Ministry of Health + NWSB + Provincial Council + existing NGO partners (partner-don't-duplicate).
Social Inclusion3/3Sinhala + Tamil + Muslim CKDu-belt communities included; women + children prioritised in access.
Infrastructure Development3/340 RO plants + 12,000 RWH installations + 1 monitoring lab.
Financial Sustainability & Revenue Model2/3User-pays from Y2; community co-ops own and operate.
Measurable Impact (KPIs & Outcomes)3/3Litres delivered tracked daily; longitudinal kidney function tracked through MoH partnership.
Alignment with Donor Priorities2/3Rural health + vulnerable-population + infrastructure priorities. Strong rural-health donor fit.
Scalability & Replicability2/3Replicable to other CKDu-belt districts (Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Vavuniya).
Risk Assessment & Mitigation0/3
Innovation & Competitive Advantage0/3
Community Impact & Social Value3/3Reduces kidney-disease mortality which is the East's most under-discussed public-health emergency.